Ibr3 lone pairs. Mar 25, 2022 · Then, we draw the Lewis structure.
Ibr3 lone pairs This gives it a total of 6 electron domains, which corresponds to sp3d2 hybridization. To predict whether a molecule has a dipole moment. IBr3: The Lewis structure for IBr3 will have three bromine atoms bonded with an iodine atom. TeBr2: The Lewis structure for TeBr2 will Apr 24, 2023 · SeF4 (selenium tetrafluoride) and IBr3 (iodine tribromide) have similar electron-domain geometries, which allows us to analyze their molecular shapes based on the number of lone pairs present and their arrangements. Because the overall formal charge is zero, the Lewis structure of PBr 3 described above is the most appropriate, reliable, and stable in May 4, 2025 · The Lewis structure of IBR3, also known as iodine tribromide, is a representation of the molecule’s bonding and electron distribution. A hybridized atomic orbital can contain or participate in which of the following? Select all that apply: - σ-bonds - lone pairs of electrons - single unpaired electrons (radicals) - π-bonds - σ-bonds - lone pairs of electrons - single unpaired electrons (radicals) The Learning Objectives of this Module: To use the VSEPR model to predict molecular geometries. It states that valence electrons will assume an electron-pair geometry that minimizes repulsions between areas of high electron density (bonds and/or lone pairs). The presence of three bonds and two lone pairs means that the central iodine atom is surrounded by five regions of electron density, which correspond to Oct 29, 2020 · BrF3 electron geometry BrF3 is a perfect example of an AX5 molecule with two lone pairs of electrons and three bonded pairs of electrons. Jun 27, 2025 · In the IBr Lewis structure, there is a single bond between the iodine and bromine atom, and on both iodine and bromine atoms, there are three lone pairs. Consider the Lewis structures of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and the carbonate (CO 32-) ion The video tutorial explains the molecular geometry of IBr3, starting with its Lewis structure, which shows iodine with three bromine atoms and two lone pairs. C) transfer of electrons. The molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. This will be determined by the number of atoms and lone pairs attached to the central atom. To determine the geometry, we count the sum of the number of atoms and lone pairs around the In general, a lone pair repels bonding electron pairs _____ than bonding pairs repel each other. Hence, the chosen option is T-shaped. Let's delve into constructing the Lewis structure for IBr₃, iodine Electron pairs repel each other whether they are in chemical bonds or lone pairs. D) sharing of electrons. The iodine atom has three lone pairs of electrons, while each bromine atom has one lone May 12, 2025 · The arrangement of electron pairs around the central iodine atom in the molecule iodine tribromide (IBr3) dictates its electron-pair geometry. Table of Contents The Lewis structure, also known as the Lewis dot diagram, is a visual representation of the valence electrons in a molecule, showing how atoms bond and indicating lone pairs. When applying VSEPR to simple molecules, the first thing to do is to count the number of electron groups around the central atom. 3). Bonding Electron Pairs Bonding electron pairs are the pairs of electrons involved in forming bonds between atoms. What is the electron-pair geometry for I in IBr3 There are lone pair (s) around the central atom, so the geometry of IBr3 is Apr 13, 2023 · The central atom in IBr3 is iodine (I). This model assumes that electron pairs will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion effects from one another. The equatorial positions are occupied by two bromine atoms and one lone pair, while the axial position contains the third bromine atom. The central iodine atom has seven valence electrons and forms three bonds with bromine atoms, leaving two lone pairs. The two lone pairs are on opposite sides of the octahedron (180° apart), giving a square planar molecular structure that minimizes lone pair-lone pair repulsions (Figure 7. A. According to VSEPR theory, 5 regions correspond to a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry. Remember that a multiple bond counts as only one electron group. 2. Specifically, in IBr3, the I atom undergoes hybridization and forms two lone pairs and three σ bonds with Br atoms using sp3d Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like <90°, T-shaped, 5 electron groups, H2O < H3O⁺ < HCN and more. Hence, according to VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of IBr₃ is T-shaped. Br's each take one, so that leaves 2 lone pairs to give everybody 8. For IBr\ (_3\), the central iodine atom has: Oct 17, 2024 · Is IBr₃ polar or nonpolar? IBr₃ (Iodine Tribromide) is polar due to its asymmetric molecular shape. 2 days ago · What is an example of a Lewis structure? › Lewis Structures For example, when two chlorine atoms form a chlorine molecule, they share one pair of electrons: The Lewis structure indicates that each Cl atom has three pairs of electrons that are not used in bonding (called lone pairs) and one shared pair of electrons (written between the atoms). The pairs of electrons (in bonds and in lone pairs) are called "groups". Start by identifying the central atom and drawing the Lewis structure for IBr3, ensuring you account for all valence electrons and include lone pairs on the central iodine atom. Oct 23, 2024 · Electron groups in a Lewis structure include both bonding pairs (shared electrons) and lone pairs (non-bonded electrons) around an atom. What is its bond angle if there are no lone pairs of electrons? Jun 6, 2025 · Summary Explanation To determine the VSEPR geometry of a molecule, we analyze its electron domains (bonding + lone pairs) around the central atom using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory. The hybridization of IBr3 can be determined by looking at the iodine atom which has 7 valence electrons. The Lewis electron-pair approach can be used to predict the number and types of bonds between the atoms in a substance, and it indicates which atoms have lone pairs of electrons. Dec 10, 2019 · The molecular geometry of nitrogen triiodide (NI₃) is trigonal pyramidal due to the presence of one lone pair and three bonding pairs around the nitrogen atom. If you are trying to find the electron geometry for IBr3 we would expect it to be Trigonal bipryamidal. Question: Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. The molecular geometry, which only considers bonding electrons, is T-shaped. The molecule is polar, and the intermolecular forces include dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces Oct 14, 2025 · Lewis structure of IBr3 contains three single bonds between the Iodine (I) atom and each Bromine (Br) atom. However, the molecular geometry of IBr3 looks distorted T-shaped and two lone pairs of electrons on the iodine of the IBr3 geometry. The electron geometry, which considers both bonding electrons and lone pair electrons, is trigonal bipyramidal. Jun 2, 2025 · The lone pairs distort the ideal shape, and the three bonded atoms form a T-shaped structure. It has a total of five areas of electron density: three bonding and two lone pair regions. Dec 12, 2022 · IBr3 has three single bonds between the Iodine (I) and Bromine (Br) atoms in its Lewis structure. Jun 2, 2025 · Step 2: Count the regions of electron density around iodine There are 3 bonding pairs (one for each I–Br bond). What is the electron-pair geometry for P in PF3Cl2 ? What is the the shape (molecular geometry) of PF3Cl2? 2_Draw the Lewis structure for IBr3 in the window below and then answer the questions that follow. To determine the hybridization of the central atom, we need to count the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs surrounding the central atom. Understanding how to draw these structures is fundamental in chemistry, allowing us to predict molecular geometry and properties. Valence electrons = Group number + Number of lone pairs - Charge For XeF4: Xenon (Xe) is in group 18, so it has 8 valence electrons. Both SeF4 and IBr3 have the electron-domain geometry of . May 22, 2023 · And both the Iodine and Bromine atoms have three lone pairs on it. The electron pairs arrange themselves to minimize repulsion, initially forming a trigonal bipyramidal structure. The bond angles in a square pyramidal molecule are approximately 90° and 180°. The Iodine atom (I) is in the centre, surrounded by three** Bromine atoms** (Br). Nov 11, 2025 · The Lewis structure of IBR3, also known as iodine tribromide, is a representation of the molecule’s bonding and electron distribution. Therefore, the total valence electrons for XeF4 is 8 + 4*7 = 36. Question: 1) How many lone pairs of electrons will be present in the following molecules? (You may have to draw the Lewis structures for each molecule) A) CH3-NH2 B) H2O C) H2O2 D) HBr E) XeF4 2) Once a dative bond has formed, it is A) Identical in every way to a covalent bond B) Very different from a covalent bond C) Very unstable D) None of Mar 25, 2022 · Then, we draw the Lewis structure. The number of electron pairs, number of lone pairs, and geometry are given for the central atom. ) Marvin JS Edit drawing : Br: : The VSEPR model predicts molecular geometry based on the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs around the central atom. Let's delve into constructing the Lewis structure for IBr₃, iodine tribromide. This geometry considers all electron pairs, both bonding and non-bonding (lone pairs), surrounding the central atom. This results in a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry but a trigonal pyramidal shape for the molecular geometry. Q5: What do the dots represent in a Lewis dot structure? Explanation To determine the molecular shape of IBr3, we use the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. Dec 10, 2018 · A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the IBr3 Lewis Dot Structure (Iodine tribromide). com Lewis structure generator creates chemical structure diagrams for compounds. Incorporating Double and Triple Bonds Into the VSEPR Theory Compounds that contain double and triple bonds raise an important point: The geometry around an atom is determined by the number of places in the valence shell of an atom where electrons can be found, not the number of pairs of valence electrons. The two lone pairs occupy equatorial positions to minimize repulsions, leaving a T-shaped molecular geometry. Please note that "geometry" refers to the molecular or ionic geometry A. In other words, the electron pairs are as far apart as possible. F) H2O 1) Lewis Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular geometry, including approximate bond angles around a central atom, of a molecule from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The first step in determining molecular geometry is to write the Lewis structure for a molecule, which gives the arrangement of valence electrons in terms of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons. Hence, the IBr3 molecule is a polar molecule. Look at Lab Report for drawing. 4 attachments: 2 bonds, 2 lone pairs Bond Angle: 104. E) NH3 1) Lewis structure: 2) S. Each fluorine atoms has nine electrons, and there are seven valence electrons in the outer shell of the Bromine molecule, out of which three electrons form bonds with three fluorine atoms. This model assumes electron pairs repel each other and adopt a geometry that minimizes repulsion. My What is the Lewis structure of the polyatomic anion IB/32? (Assign lone pairs, radical electrons, and atomic charges where appropriate. Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, trigonal planar (geometry), tetrahedral (geometry) and others. There are 4 fluorine atoms, each contributing 7 valence electrons. 1. N. It includes both bonding and lone pairs. 2: Molecular Structure and Polarity VSEPR theory predicts the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. What is the electron-pair geometry for S in SF There are lone pair (s) around the Jan 5, 2023 · The electron pair geometry of xenon tetrachloride (XeCl₄) can be analyzed by considering the arrangements of its electron pairs. Question: How many double bonds are there in the Lewis structure of IBr3? (iodine tribromide) What is the molecular geometry for iodine tribromide? How many lone pairs are there? The central atom in ICl5 is Iodine (I). The molecule is bent. Valence electron pairs are oriented to be as far apart as possible to minimize repulsions. Because of this, there are positive and negative poles of charges on the overall molecule of IBr3. If you haven’t understood anything from the above image of IBr3 lewis structure, then just stick with me and you will get the detailed step by step explanation on drawing a lewis structure of IBr3. These areas initially form a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, which alters into a T-shape to minimize electron pair repulsion. This approach gives no information about the actual arrangement of Thus lone pairs occupy equatorial positions in a trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair geometries Similarly, because lone pairs occupy positions opposite each other in an octahedron because this also minimizes repulsive forces. This shape is asymmetrical, causing an uneven distribution of electron density. 3) The atoms at the lone pair are expected to be at 109. For the IBr3 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for the IBr3 The central atom has 3 atoms and 2 lone pairs, therefore, the electron geometry is trigonal bipyramidal, while the molecular geometry is T-shaped: Notice that the lone pair does not go in axial positions (up or down). I am sure you will definitely learn how to draw lewis structure of IBr). If you haven’t understood anything from the above image of IBr lewis structure, then just stick with me and you will get the detailed step by step explanation on drawing a lewis structure of IBr. Electron domain geometries to know: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, or octahedral. Iodine is in the center with three Bromine atoms attached and two lone pairs of electrons. Why is it difficult to construct a Lewis Dot Structure for the molecule NO? 4. For a particular number of electron pairs (row), the molecular structures for one or more lone pairs are determined based on modifications of the corresponding electron-pair geometry. What is the electron-pair geometry for I in IBr3 ? What is VSEPR Theory? The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used to predict 3-D molecular geometry based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs among the atoms in a molecule or ion. In detail: IBr3 has two lone pairs of electrons. So, iodine has 5 regions of electron density. Sigma bonding typically involves the hybridized orbitals. The Iodine atom has two lone pairs, while all three Bromine atoms have three. The iodine atom has three lone pairs of electrons, while each bromine atom has one lone Oct 23, 2024 · The IBr3 Lewis structure of Iodine Tribromide includes one iodine atom bonded to three bromine atoms through single bonds, with two lone pairs on the iodine. 5° Trigonal Bipyramidal Only occurs with an expanded octet (nonmetals with an atomic number higher than 15) 5 attachments: 5 bonds, 0 lone pairs Bond Angles: 90° (axial to equatorial), 180° (axial to axial), and 120° (equatorial to equatorial) Seesaw 5 attachments: 4 bonds, 1 lone pair T In each O-H bond, both electrons are assigned to oxygen Oxygen also has 2 lone pairs (4 electrons) that belong to it Total electrons assigned to oxygen: 4 (from bonds) + 4 (lone pairs) = 8 Oxygen's oxidation state: 6 (valence) - 8 (assigned) = -2 Each hydrogen gets 0 electrons from bonds Each hydrogen's oxidation state: 1 (valence) - 0 Nov 4, 2025 · What is an example of a Lewis structure? › Lewis Structures For example, when two chlorine atoms form a chlorine molecule, they share one pair of electrons: The Lewis structure indicates that each Cl atom has three pairs of electrons that are not used in bonding (called lone pairs) and one shared pair of electrons (written between the atoms). circled plus / minus sign at charge. For example, if there are 2 lone pairs and 2 bonding pairs, the total electron pairs would be 4. For IBr3: Iodine (I) is in group 17, so it has 7 valence electrons. What is the electron-pair geometry for Brin BrCl3; There are lone pair (s) around the central atom, so the geometry of BrCl3 is B. 1: Extra-Formal Charges and Resonance 4. The Lewis structure shows iodine bonded to three bromine atoms, and the lone pairs of iodine cause an uneven charge distribution, resulting in a dipole moment. May 16, 2023 · This linear geometry results from the absence of lone pairs on the beryllium atom, allowing the two bromine atoms to be situated directly opposite each other. In IBr, each bromine atom has two electron groups around it, corresponding to the I-Br bond (one bonding pair and no lone pairs on bromine). What is the electron-pair geometry for I in IBr3 There are lone pair (s) around the central atom, so the geometry of IBr3 is 1S B. Figure 5 9 6: The molecular structures are identical to the electron-pair geometries when there are no lone pairs present (first column). The VSEPR (valence shell electron pair repulsion) theory predicts the geometry of atoms or molecules. Polarity arises from differences in electronegativity and molecular geometry. The I-Br bond that forms is a sigma (σ) bond, which is the result of a straight-on overlap of atomic orbitals. BrO3- Oct 2, 2023 · The molecular shape of IBr3 is T-shaped. The electron pair geometry for SF4 is trigonal bipyramidal. So let’s move to the steps of drawing the lewis structure of IBr. If the molecule has three bonded groups and two lone pairs around the central atom, the shape will be T-shaped. May 12, 2025 · The arrangement of electron pairs around the central iodine atom in the molecule iodine tribromide (IBr3) dictates its electron-pair geometry. Based on this theory, depending on the number of electron pairs (both bonding pairs and lone pairs) around the central atom, a certain shape is adopted to minimize the repulsion between electron pairs, as summarized in Repulsions lie in the order: lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bonding pair > bonding pair-bonding pair The greater repelling efect of a lone pair is explained by supposing that the lone pair is on average closer to the nucleus than a bonding pair and therefore repels other electrons more strongly. Iodine tribromide | Br3I | CID 5187573 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities automatic lone pair calculation is disabled, every atom gets 0 lone pairs immediately 'Increase lone pairs' button is enabled on the toolbar, and becomes ready to use on copy, any structure is placed in MRV format to the clipboard implicit hydrogens are hidden valence errors are hidden. Jan 14, 2025 · The Lewis structure, also known as the Lewis dot diagram, is a visual representation of the valence electrons in a molecule, showing how atoms bond and indicating lone pairs. The electron-pair geometry of a molecule is tetrahedral. (N) = 3 atoms + 1 lone pair = 4 and it is an AX 3 E type in the table. A lone pair will therefore _____ the bond angle between bonding pairs. The Iodine atom has 2 lone pairs and all the three Bromine atoms have 3 lone pairs. The arrangement of these electron pairs results in an octahedral electron pair geometry, with the molecular geometry being square planar. I am sure you will definitely learn how to draw lewis structure of SeCl2). Bonds (single, double, and triple bonds count as one (1) area of electron density or one effective electron pair). Jun 19, 2025 · In IBr3 Lewis structure, there are three single bonds around the iodine atom, with three bromine atoms attached to it. Upload your drawing of the molecule and write the geometries in the space provided. The geometry is determined using the VSEPR model, which considers the arrangement of electron pairs. Thus, the molecule adopts a linear shape, ensuring that the bonding pairs are as far apart as possible to minimize electron-electron repulsion, consistent with VSEPR theory. Molecule: IBr3 Lewis Dot Structure Br Br Br High electron Density regions 4 # of bonded atoms to central atom 3 # of lone pair on central atom Hybridization_cps Electron-pair Geometry Molecular Shape tigar inal pyamidal Bond Angle_01 Polar / Nonpolar bonds polar Polar / Nonpolar molecule polar Lewis Dot, Molecular Structures Plus more Name 8) How many lone pairs of electrons are on the I atom in IFs? B) A) 0 C) 2 D) 3 4) Consider a molecule with the following connections: When a valid electron dot structure is written, how many double bonds will the molecule contain? c) 2 D) 4 A) 0 B) 1 5) Covalent bonding is a 8) loss of electrons. The Dec 10, 2024 · [Solved] What is the electron-pair geometry for I in IBr3? There are lone pair (s) around the central atom, so the geometry of IBr3 is . In this structure, iodine is the central atom bonded to three bromine atoms. The video visualizes the molecular geometry, showing how the lone pairs affect the shape, resulting in a t-shaped geometry. It is based on the principle that atoms and lone pairs repel each other because of electrostatic forces and thus, they are positioned as far away as possible to give the molecule an optimal geometry. Jun 20, 2025 · With five electron pairs (three bonding pairs and two lone pairs), the electron geometry is trigonal bipyramidal. The lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, creating 90-degree bond angles between the axial bromines and the lone pairs, and less than 90-degree bond angles between the bromines due to the presence of lone pairs causing more repulsion. The Iodine atom (I) is at the center and it is surrounded by 3 Bromine atoms (Br). By analyzing the Lewis structure and applying VSEPR theory, you can determine the molecular shape. 5 o, however, because the revulsion from the lone pair is stronger, the angle between the hydrogens is about 107 o: 4) This is called a trigonal pyramidal geometry. (Note: Take a pen and paper with you and try to draw May 25, 2023 · Due to the lone pairs on the iodine atom (I), its molecular geometry becomes asymmetric. (Note: Take a pen and paper with you and try to draw this lewis structure along with me. The molecular geometry for SF4 is see-saw it has 4 bond pairs and 1 lone pair. This is critical because electron pairs are repulsive to each other; hence, they minimize repulsion by maximizing distance. This arrangement results in a T-shaped geometry around the iodine atom. In IBr3, the iodine atom is bonded to three bromine atoms and also possesses two lone pairs of electrons. Apr 21, 2020 · In iodine tribromide (IBr3), the central iodine (I) atom is surrounded by three bromine (Br) atoms. Geometry is tricky. When a central atom has two lone electron pairs and four bonding regions, we have an octahedral electron-pair geometry. You'd think lone pairs would be at the pyramid apexes (apices?), but in general lone pairs want all the space they Please note that "geometry" refers to the molecular or ionic geometry. Using the VSEPR theory, the electron bond pairs and lone pairs on the center atom will help us predict the shape of a molecule. . This results in three bonded pairs of electrons and two lone pairs There are two types of electron groups: any type of bond—single, double, or triple—and lone electron pairs. This gives a total of five electron pairs around the central iodine atom. You've got 3 single bonds and 2 lone pairs for a total of 5, which gives you a structure that looks like two trigonal pyramids stuck together at the bases. May 23, 2023 · The Selenium atom has 2 lone pairs and both the Chlorine atoms have 3 lone pairs. In IBr3, there are three bonding pairs (one with each bromine atom) and two lone pairs. The The total number of electron pairs, both bonding pairs and lone pairs, leads to what is called the electron domain geometry. 2 days ago · There are 2 lone pairs on the Iodine atom (I) and 3 lone pairs on all three Bromine atoms (Br). How many double bonds are there in the Lewis structure of IBr3? (iodine tribromide) What is the molecular geometry for iodine tribromide? How many lone pairs are there? Dec 7, 2023 · Let's draw the Lewis structures for the given molecules: SiS2: The Lewis structure for SiS2 will have two sulfur atoms bonded with a silicon atom and two lone pairs of electrons on each sulfur atom. In ICl5, Iodine is surrounded by 5 Chlorine atoms and 1 lone pair of electrons. In summary, the Lewis structure of IBr3 features iodine at the center with three bromine atoms bonded to it, along with two lone pairs on iodine. SeF4 has only one lone pair of electrons in the equatorial position. Jun 9, 2022 · There are 3 lone pairs on both the Iodine atom (I) as well as Bromine atom (Br). There are 2 lone pairs of electrons on iodine. Bond angles measure approximately 90 degrees between axial and equatorial bonds and 180 degrees between the two equatorial bromine atoms. The molecular geometry of ICl5 is square pyramidal. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Atomic mass unit, True, True and more. I hope you have understood the reason behind the polar nature of IBr3 molecule. What is the Lewis structure of the polyatomic anion IBr32− ? (Assign lone pairs, radical electrons, and atomic charges where appropriate. Lewis done. The center iodine atom of IBr3 has two lone pairs of electrons, resulting in trigonal bipyramidal IBr3 electron geometry. ) Apr 26, 2024 · This results in a T-shaped molecular geometry according to the VSEPR theory. Number of Electron Groups: 4 Number of Lone Pairs: 0 Geometry: tetrahedral Predict the geometry of the following ions, using the electron-pair repulsion model. Let’s draw and understand this lewis dot structure step by step. Three of these electrons are used to form single bonds with the three bromine atoms, and the remaining four electrons form two lone pairs. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Each bromine atom has three lone pairs, See full list on knordslearning. In XeCl₄, there are four bonding pairs of electrons and two lone pairs. The concept of an expanded octet is introduced, allowing iodine to have more than eight valence electrons. However, when one or more of the bonding pairs of electrons is replaced with a lone pair, the molecular geometry, or actual shape of the molecule, is altered. An electron group can be an electron pair, a lone pair, a single unpaired electron, a double bond or a triple bond on the center atom. If bond dipoles do Iodine has 7 electrons. They want to get away from each other! This is the basis of valence Predicting molecular geometry 3⁄4 To determine the molecular geometry Find number of valence electrons Draw the Lewis structure Count the number of electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs but count multiple bonds as one pair) Arrange electron pairs to minimise repulsion Name the geometry from the atom positions How many double bonds are there in the Lewis structure of IBr3? (iodine tribromide) What is the molecular geometry for iodine tribromide? How many lone pairs are there?   Lone pairs of electrons: these electrons tend to take more space than the bonded pairs in space leading into somewhat distorted structures. The total number of electron pairs around a central atom determines the molecular geometry. It has 7 valence electrons. The main idea of VSEPR theory is that pairs of electrons (in bonds and in lone pairs) repel each other. lxde hrixoqid oxzot rpkd kki tyckdwh ahuyd qgzqy oguwk oanco dcnpv wsdnpy gzudb zjkj xpc